University of Pittsburgh
School of Information Sciences
Summer 2004 (04-3) Term
LIS
2970: Special Topics: Collections Conservation
Mondays, 6:00 PM – 9:15PM;Room 308, Library Resource
Facility
Instructors:
Jean Ann Croft
Preservation Librarian, Preservation Department, Room 205,
7500 Thomas Boulevard, Pittsburgh, PA. 15260
412-244-7522
jeanann@pitt.edu
Miriam Meislik
Associate Archivist/Photograph Curator, Archive Service Center, Room 221
7500 Thomas Boulevard, Pittsburgh, PA. 15260
412-244-7075
miriam@pitt.edu
Dr. Karen Gracy
Assistant Professor, Preservation Management Program
657 SIS
412-624-7679
kgracy@pitt.edu
Teaching Assistant:
Kate Werner
PhD. Student – Archival Studies Program
kwerner21@hotmail.com
Course Description:
This course explores collections conservation utilizing the resources of
the Archives Service Center (ASC) and the Preservation Department in the
University Library System. Defined by the Research Libraries Group
(RLG) as a “preservation management strategy for the physical
treatment and
protective housing o endangered research materials that allocates treatment
resources for maximum benefit to the collection.” Students will be better
able to manage preservation activities by learning how to execute hands on
conservation treatments, prepare materials for outsourcing and better protect
paper, photograph, and moving image collections.
Enrollment is limited to 12 students and offered in the Preservation Department
Laboratory at the Library Resource Facility, Thomas Boulevard. The
prerequisite for this course is LIS2214: Introduction to Library and
Archival Preservation
Course Goals:
- Evaluate different preservation principles and implement the
most appropriate
preservation technique in a library or archival environment.
- Communicate preservation theory to effectively supervise conservation
work on library and archival materials.
- After this course, students should be able to identify,
inspect, evaluate,
and make basic repairs of motion picture film and videotape elements.
- Students should also be able to evaluate storage conditions,
and prioritize
moving images for further preservation or restoration work to be done by
a commercial laboratory.
Required Reading:
Text: Bachmann, Konstanze. Conservation Concerns: A Guide
for Collectors and Curators. New York : Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992.
Available online from Amazon at http://www.amazon.com for $16.95.
Text: The Film Preservation Guide: The Basics for Archives,
Libraries, and Museums. San Francisco, CA: National Film
Preservation
Foundation, 2004. Available online at:
http://www.filmpreservation.org
Text: Pye, Elizabeth. Caring for the Past: Issues
in Conservation
for Archaeology and Museums. London: James & James Ltd.,
2001. Available online from Amazon at http://www.amazon.com for
All readings are on reserve in the SIS Library, with the exception of materials
available on the Internet, which are listed with a URL.
Grading:
1. Graduate students are expected to attend and participate in every
class. Attendance is mandatory and will affect grading. Missing more
than one class period will result in failure for this course. There
will be no opportunity for make-ups.
2. Discussion Leadership and Impression Papers – 40%
Discussion Leadership (10 points each – total 20 points) -
Everyone enrolled
in Collections Conservation is responsible for all of the reading.
During the first class period, each student will be assigned to lead two
discussions during subsequent class meetings, along with at least one other
student.
The discussion leaders for each class meeting will be expected to have read
the assigned readings in sufficient detail to provide particularly thoughtful
and provocative questions and analysis, and to solicit equally thoughtful
discussion from other class members.
Impression Papers (10 points each – total 20 points) –
Discussion leaders
will be expected to submit two 2-page issue papers discussing the principle
issues and activities related to their assigned discussion topics. Students
must submit their impression papers in paper format or as an e-mail attachment
exactly two weeks post discussion by 6:00pm.
Students may exchange discussion dates/paper topics only with prior permission
from the instructors.
3. Photograph Identification Test – 10%
Students will be given a worksheet containing numbers that correspond to
samples in the lab. They will then identify the format, type, popular
or most used dates, types of deterioration or problems associated with the
image, and its storage criteria. (10 points)
4. Photograph Assessment Project and Paper – 30%
Paper, 8-10 pages. Assessment guidelines will be provided. Students
will conduct a Condition Assessment of a “collection of
photographic materials.
Each student will be given two-three boxes of images that make up a fictitious
collection. Their job will be to identify the items, assess the issues in
the collection, and figure out what they need to do to preserve this
collection.
They will need to complete the assessment survey and write a report outlining
the costs associated with proper storage of the materials and conservation
measures needed. Student should review the Light Impressions and/or University
Products websites to investigate their storage materials options and
pricing.
The paper will be due the final class day. (30 points)
5. Motion Picture Inspection/Identification Exercise
– 20%
Students will work on an in-class assignment for two class sessions (due
at the end of the last class of the term) that will give them practice in
the identification, inspection, evaluation, and repair of motion picture
and videotape elements. (20 points)
Total = 100 points
Grading Scale
100
A+
93-99
A
90-92
A-
88-89
B+
83-87
B
80-82
B-
78-79
C+
73-77
C
Late Assignments
Late written assignments and final projects will be lowered by one letter
grade except in cases of extreme circumstances, previously discussed with
the instructor.
Schedule:
BOOKS AND PAPER
May 10 - Session 1: Introduction to Collection
Conservation course
- Conservation and Preservation Practice
- Definitions
- Ethics and standards in conservation
- Lab component - Level 1 repairs - pockets, pam-binds (commercial and
hand-made), Tip-ins, Cut-pages
Required Readings:
May 17 - Session 2: Changing Philosophy of Library and Archives
Conservation and Preservation
- Conservation and Preservation Practice - Continued
- History and Nature of Paper
- Lab component - Level 2 repairs - Recase
Required Readings:
- Pye, Elizabeth. Caring for the Past: Issues in Conservation
for Archaeology and Museums. London: James and James Ltd,
2001.
- Chapter 2 – Conservation examined, pgs. 22-36
- Cline, Nancy M. Stewardship: The Janus Factor. Journal of
Library Administration 38, No. 1/2: 7-27 (2003).
- Bachmann, Konstanze. Conservation Concerns: A Guide
for Collectors
and Curators. New York : Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992.
- Storage of Works on Paper – pg. 29
- Warning Signs: When Works on Paper Require Conservation
– pg. 35
- Browning, B.L. The nature of paper. The Library Quarterly
40:18-38 (1970).
- Clapp, Verner. The Story of Permanent/Durable Book-Paper,
1115-1970.
Scholarly Publishing 2: 107-24, 229-45. (1971).
- McParland, Maighread. The Nature and Chemistry of Paper: Its
History, Analysis and Conservation. New Bookbinder 2:
17-28 (1982).
May 24 - Session 3: Changing Philosophy of Library and Archives
Conservation and Preservation (continued) / Book Structure and Components
- Concepts of rarity and intrinsic value of originals
- Lab component - Level 2 repairs – Reback
Required Readings:
- Pye, Elizabeth. Caring for the Past: Issues in Conservation
for Archaeology and Museums. London: James and James Ltd,
2001.
- Chapter 4 – The meaning of objects , pgs. 57-76
- National Park Service – Conserve O Gram –
19/1 What Makes a
Book Rare?, http://www.cr.nps.gov/museum/publications/conserveogram/19-01.pdf
- Ryder, Michael. Parchment: Its history, manufacture, and
composition.
Journal of the Society of Archivists 2: 391-399 (1964).
- Haines, Betty M. Deterioration in Leather Bookbindings – Our
Present State of Knowledge. British Library Journal 3:
59-70 (1977).
- Young, Laura S. Bookbinding & Conservation by
Hand.
Oak Knoll Press, Delaware: 1995.
- Chapter 4 - Materials and Their Use – pg. 23-37
- Sadleir, Michael. The Evolution of Publishers’
Binding Styles,
1770-1900. Garland Publishing, Inc. New York & London:
1990.
- Chapter V: The First Book-Cloths – pgs. 39-48.
May 31 – Memorial Day – No class – Enjoy!!!!
June 7 - Session 4: Agents of Deterioration / Assessment
and Selection for Preservation
- Lab component - Protective Enclosures – Clamshell
Required Readings:
- Pye, Elizabeth. Caring for the Past: Issues in Conservation
for Archaeology and Museums. London: James and James Ltd,
2001.
- Chapter 5 – Change in materials and objects, pgs. 77-98
- Chapter 6 – Issues in practice: assessment and
decision, pgs. 99-120.
- Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of
Armed Conflict, 1954, http://www.icomos.org/hague/hague.convention.html#contents
- Atkinson, Ross W. “Selection for Preservation: A
Materialistic Approach.”
Library Resources and Technical Services. v. 30, October 1986,
pp. 341-353.
- Child, Margaret S. “Further Thoughts on ‘Selection
for Preservation:
A Materialistic Approach.’” Library Resources and
Technical Services.
v. 30, October 1986, pp. 354-362.
June 14 - Session 5: Supervising Conservation
Treatments– final
- Lab component - Protective Enclosures continued - finish Clamshells
Required Readings:
- Pye, Elizabeth. Caring for the Past: Issues in Conservation
for Archaeology and Museums. London: James and James Ltd,
2001.
- Chapter 7 – Issues in practice: conservation
procedures, pgs. 121-148
- CLIR publication 103: The Evidence in Hand: Report of the
Task Force on the Artifact in Library Collections, http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/reports.html
- Kamel, Pauline. “Conservation Treatment of Rare
Books,” Feliciter.
v. 45, no. 2, 1999, pp. 198-112.
- Grandinette, Maria and Randy Silverman “The Library
Collections Conservation
Discussion Group: Taking a Comprehensive Look at Book Repair.” Library
Resources and Technical Services. July 1994, pp. 281-287.
- Pickwoad, Nicholas. “Distinguishing Between the Good and Bad Repair
of Books.” Conservation and Preservation in Small
Libraries. Edited
by Nicholas Hadgraft and Katherine Swift. Cambridge: Parker Library
Publication,
Corpus Christi College, 1994. Pp. 141-149
PHOTOGRAPHY UNIT
June 21 – Session 6: Photography: The
Basics of Format
Identification
Goal:
Students will recognize formats from 19th-21st Century photographic process
and be able to identify the process, the era in which they were created,
and gain familiarity with their deterioration from Daguerreotype to Digital
Prints
Required Reading:
Book and Article:
- Hendriks, Klaus B. et al. Fundamentals of Photograph
Conservation:
A Study Guide. Toronto: National Archives of Canada, 1991.
- Chapter 3 Photographic Structure Skim for familiarity
- Chapter 5 Historical Photographic Processes READ 141-172
- Fischer, Monique, NEDCC Technical Leaflet: “A Short Guide
to Film Plate
Photographic Materials: Identification, Care, and Duplication.”
Website Articles:
Lab:
Question and Answer Session regarding formats. Stations will be setup
(and duplicated for worksheet assignment) for students to get some hands
on handling of materials. This will be a good opportunity to see the
items and witness their issues. Identification labels will accompany
the items in this session.
Paper Assignment:
Paper (8-10 pages). Assessment guidelines will be provided. Students
will conduct a Condition Assessment of a “collection of
photographic materials.
Each student will be given two-three boxes of images that make up a fictitious
collection. Their job will be to identify the items, assess the issues in
the collection, and figure out what they need to do to preserve this
collection.
They will need to complete the assessment survey and write a report outlining
the costs associated with proper storage of the materials and conservation
measures needed. Student should review the Light Impressions and/or University
Products websites to investigate their storage materials options and
pricing.
June 28 – Session 7: Storage and Treatment Issues
Goal:
Students will have an understanding of proper storage and housing for
photographic
materials and their deterioration issues.
Required Readings:
Books:
- Bachman, Kostanze and Rebecca Anne Rushfield. Conservation Concerns
Principles of Storage, pp 5-9.
- Hendriks, Klaus B. et al. Fundamentals of Photograph
Conservation:
A Study Guide. Toronto: National Archives of Canada, 1991.
- Chapter 7 Paper Conservation as Applied to Photographs READ
289-353
- Chapter 11 Condition Reporting READ 487-505
- Hendriks, Klaus B. Conservation Concerns
- Storage and Care of Photographs, pp 39-45
- Warning Signs: When Photographs Need Conservation, pp 47-52
Articles:
- Hendriks, Klaus B., “Fingerprints on Photographs.”
- Hollinshead, Patricia W. et al. Deteriorating Negatives: A
Health Hazard in Collection Management. Arizona State
Museum, 1987.
- Fischer, Monique, NEDCC Technical Leaflet: A Short Guide to Film Plate
Photographic Materials: Identification, Care, and Duplication
- Reilly, James M., Nishimura, Pavao, and Adelstein, “Photo
Enclosures
Research and Specifications.” Topics in Photographic Preservation.
Vol. 3, 1989: 1-8
Websites:
Assignment/Lab:
Building on the first session’s identification lesson, the
Worksheet Completion
exercise requires students to identify the photographic processes and identify
their structure. Students will be given a worksheet containing numbers
that correspond to samples in the lab. They will then have to write
the type of image they are looking at in the space corresponding to its number.
They will then need to say whether the image is cased or uncased, when it
was popular (date range), positive or negative image, photographic print
or photographic negative, types of deterioration or problems associated with
the image, and its storage.
July 5 – No class
July 12 – Session 8: Disaster Recovery
Required Reading:
- Hendriks, Klaus B. et al. Fundamentals of Photograph
Conservation:
A Study Guide. Toronto: National Archives of Canada, 1991.
- Chapter 9 Disaster Preparedness; READ 405-419; 421-427
- Hendriks, Klaus and B. Lesser, "Disaster Recovery," American
Archivist
46: 1, pp. 52-68.
- Albright, Gary, Emergency Salvage Of Wet Photographs, Northeast Document
Conservation Center, 1999. http://www.nedcc.org/plam3/tleaf38.htm
- Norris, Debra Hess, “Salvaging Photograph
Collections,” Conservation
Center for Art and Historic Artifacts, http://www.ccaha.org/
July 19 – Session 9: Issues in
Digitization-Digitization
for Preservation and Access
Goal:
This class will talk about the growing desire for digital access to
photographic
collections and the effect of digitization on 19th and 20th Century
photographic
materials. Preserving digital print output will also be covered.
Required Reading:
- Arms, Carolyn R., Getting the Picture: Observations from the Library
of Congress on Providing Online Access to Pictorial Images, National Digital
Library Program & Information Technology Services, Library of Congress,
1999. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/techdocs/libt1999/libt1999.html
- Identification of Digital Prints, http://aic.stanford.edu/sg/emg/juergens/
- Preservation of Digital Hardcopies, http://www.knaw.nl/ecpa/publ/jurgens.html
- Photography at a Crossroads, Science News Online, http://www.sciencenews.org/20021123/bob10.asp
- Wilhelm, Henry, "Will my inkjet prints last as long as traditional
photos? Yes, but only if you choose printers, inks, and papers
wisely,” February
2004.
- http://www.wilhelm-research.com/pdf/GreatOutput_HW_RayW_Feb2004.pdf
Selected Photographic Resources Bibliography:
Books:
- Fischer, Monique, NEDCC Technical Leaflet: A Short Guide to Film Plate
Photographic Materials: Identification, Care, and Duplication.
- Hendriks, Klaus B. et al. Fundamentals of Photograph
Conservation:
A Study Guide. Toronto: National Archives of Canada, 1991.
- Keefe, Laurence E. Jr. and Dennis Inch. The Life of a
Photograph.
Boston: Focal Press, 1983.
Articles:
- Gear, James L., Robert H. MacClaren, and Mary McKiel,
“Film Recovery
of Some Deteriorated Black and White Negatives,” American
Archivist,
Vol. 40., No. 3, July 1977: 363-368
- Hendriks, Klaus and B. Lesser, Disaster Recovery, American
Archivist,
vol. 46, no. 1: 52-68.
- Hollinshead, Patricia W. et al. Deteriorating Negatives: A
Health Hazard in Collection Management, Arizona State Musuem 1987:
- Horvath, David G., “The Acetate Negative Survey Final
Report,” University
of Louisville February 1987: 91 pp.
- KODAK, Storage and Care of KODAK Photographic Materials Before and
After Processing, Technical Leaflet E-30, Eastman Kodak Company, September
1999:11pp.
- Reilly, James M. et al., “Image Structure and
Deterioration in Albumen
Prints, Photographic Science and Engineering,” Vol. 28, Number
4, July/August
1984. p.166-171.
- Sapwater, E., “Images on Ice,” PEI April
1999: 36-44.
- Sharp, Helen, “Conservation Problems of an Early 20th
Century Album,
A Case Study,” Photographic Materials Conservation Group, 2002
- Reilly, James M., Nishimura, Pavao, and Adelstein,“Photo Enclosures
Research and Specifications,” Topics in Photographic
Preservation
Volume 3, 1989: 1-8.
- Albright, Gary, “Planning for the Treamtment of a Large Collection
of Photographs,” Topics in Photographic Preservation,
Volume 5, 1993:
1-7.
- Puglia, Steven, “The Preservation of Acetate Film Materials-A cost
Benefit Analysis of Duplication and Cool/Cold Storage,”
Topics in Photographic
Preservation, Volume 6, 1995: 50-79.
- Bachman, Kostanze and Rebecca Anne Rushfield. Principles of Storage,
pp 5-9
- Hendriks, Klaus B. Storage and Care of Photographs, pp 39-45;
Warning Signs: When Photographs Need Conservation, pp 47-52
Websites:
MOVING IMAGE MEDIA
July 26
Read:
- The Film Preservation Guide: The Basics for Archives, Libraries,
and Museums. San Francisco, CA: National Film Preservation
Foundation, 2004. http://www.filmpreservation.org
Ch. 1-3, pp. 1-33
- Film Forever: The Home Film Preservation Guide.
http://www.filmforever.org.
- Paul and Mark-Paul Meyer, eds. Restoration of Motion Picture
Film. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000. Ch. 9-10, pp. 126-157.
- Videotape Preservation Factsheets, http://www.amianet.org/publication/resources/guidelines/videofacts/about.html
- Wheeler, Jim. Videotape Preservation Handbook. http://www.amianet.org/publication/resources/guidelines/WheelerVideo.pdf
July 30
Read:
- The Film Preservation Guide: The Basics for Archives, Libraries,
and Museums. San Francisco, CA: National Film Preservation
Foundation, 2004. http://www.filmpreservation.org
Ch. 4-6, pp. 34-69.
- "Motion Picture Preservation Assessment Checklist." National
Film Preservation Foundation. http://www.filmpreservation.org
(click on NFPF Grants first).
- "Material Assessment." National Television and Video
Preservation Foundation.
http://www.ntvpf.tv/html/grants/assess/assessment.html
- Read, Paul and Mark-Paul Meyer, eds. Restoration of Motion
Picture Film. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000. Ch. 13-14, pp.
126-157.