Instructor:  Karen F. Gracy
Office:  SIS 620
Phone:  (412) 624-7679
E-mail:  kgracy@pitt.edu

Office Hours:  Mondays, 1:30-4:00 p.m. and by appt.
 

Course Objectives

This course is an introduction to the theoretical foundations, history, principles, and practices of archival representation.  After completing this course, students will have gained a basic understanding of the following concepts and issues:

• The evolution of descriptive theory and practice from the nineteenth century to the present day;
  
• The principles of provenance and respect des fonds as they apply to archival arrangement and description;
• The role of descriptive standards in facilitating access to archival materials;
• The relationship between archival representation and the representation of cultural material in the allied fields of library science, information science, and museology;
• Implementation of authority control for archival collections;
• Descriptive practices for electronic records and archival moving image and sound material;
• The effectiveness of representation policies and practices.
  

By the end of the semester, students will have also gained proficiency in the following areas:

• Arrangement and description of archival collections;
• Construction of finding aids according to institutional standards (including the writing of biographical  and/or historical summaries, arrangement notes, scope notes, container listings, etc.);
• Use of SGML and the Encoded Archival Description (EAD) Document Type Definition (DTD) to translate finding aids into electronic form; 
• Creation of collection-level description of archival collections using the MAchine Readable Cataloging (MARC) standard.
  

Course Format
 
Class sessions will be conducted as a seminar, with discussions focusing on the assigned readings and occasional in-class exercises.  The instructor will lecture on key aspects of archival arrangement, description, and the development of surrogates, and will also touch upon important research in the field throughout the course.  The class will meet occasionally in the computer lab to gain hands-on experience with the creation of surrogates for archival collections (MARC records and EAD versions of finding aids).
 
In consideration of the instructor and your fellow students ...

Please turn off all electronic devices (cell phones, pagers, and PDAs) while class is in session.  Use of your cell phone while class is in session (including allowing it to ring) will result in a lowered participation grade.  If you will be using a laptop to take notes, please adjust the volume setting so that you do not disturb others.  Thank you.

Accommodations:

Students with disabilities who require special testing accommodations or other classroom modifications should notify the instructor and the Office of Disability Resources & Services (DRS) no later than the 3rd week of the term.  Students may be asked to provide documentation of their disability to determine the appropriateness of the request.  DRS is located in 216 William Pitt Union and can be contacted at 412-648-7890 (voice), 412-624-3346 (fax), and (412) 383-7355 (TTY).

Students who must miss an exam or class due to religious observance must notify the instructor ahead of time and make alternative arrangements.
 

Course Requirements

• Mandatory class attendance.  Important:  Students who miss 3 or more class meetings will fail this course.
• Participation in class discussion (30% of final grade).  Please come to class prepared to discuss the readings—each week, the instructor may ask several students to lead discussion on the required readings for that week.
• Timely completion of all assignments (a late assignment will be marked down 1/2 grade for each day it is turned in past the due date, unless prior arrangements have been made with the instructor).  Important:  Failure to complete any of the written assignments will result in a failing grade in this course. 
• Adherence to a commonly-accepted style manual for all written work (e.g., Chicago, Turabian, MLA, or APA).

• Carefully proofread your assignments for accuracy in spelling and grammatical construction—such errors do play a part in your grade, particularly if they affect the instructor's ability to understand the content or import of your writing.
• Meet with the instructor at least once in the term to discuss your progress and your work on assignments.

Policy on Academic Integrity:

Please familiarize yourself with the School of Information Science's Guidelines on Academic Integrity, found at http://www2.sis.pitt.edu/~wadmin/academics/information/sisacint.html .  It is the student's responsibility to carefully document his or her work using the appropriate style of citation.  Be aware that plagiarism will not be tolerated, and will result in a failing grade in this course.
 

Assignments (Master's students)

Collection Representation Project

Each master's student will complete a collections representation project, which will involve the production of several surrogates for the representation of a small set of archival records or historical manuscripts (approximately 2-4 linear feet).  To assist with with the selection of a collection, students will be provided with a list of collections currently waiting to be processed at area repositories during the January 12 class session.  Students are free, however, to select another reasonably sized collection located at any local repository to which they can arrange access.  Students who are currently working at local repositories may wish to consult with their supervisors to identify suitable collections.

Completion of the collection representation project will entail the following components:

1. Selecting a collection to process by the January 12 class session;
2. Attendance at an orientation session at the host institution during the second week of classes;
3. Developing a processing plan for the collection;
4. Arranging and describing the materials;
5. Doing background research on the collection for the preparation of the finding aid;
6. Writing a finding aid;
7. Creation of a US MARC record for the collection
8. Marking up the finding aid in SGML, using the EAD Document Type Definition; and,
9. Providing the instructor with a revised electronic version of the finding aid, MARC, and EAD records for delivery to the host repository.

In addition to the collections representation study, Master's students will choose one of the two options outlined below in order to complete the requirements for written assignments.  Students must notify the instructor of which option they have chosen by the fifth class session (February 2nd) and of their specific topic by the eighth class session (February 23rd).

Option 1:  Paper on Representation Policies and Practices (Master's Students)

Master's students may elect to write a 15-20 page paper analyzing the representation practices and/or policies of any archival institution to which they can arrange access (either in person or online).  Students should interview at least one persion in the repository which they have chosen, review any policies and procedures manuals used by the institution, and examine the different types of surrogates produced to represent the institution's archival holdings.  Since each repository approaches the representation of its collections somewhat differently, the issues addressed in the paper will depend upon the institution chosen.  At a minimum, however, the representation policy and practices paper should contain the following components:

    A)  Description of the institution and its holdings;

    B)  Analysis of existing policies, procedures, and practices related to collections representation;

• Descibe any existing policies or manuals related to the institution's representation program.  How effective are they?  Are they updated periodically?
• If no policies or manuals exist, describe how decisions about representation are made and how processing is carried out.

    C)  Evaluation of surrogates produced by the institution;

• What types of surrogates does the institution produce?
• What personnel are involved in the creation of these surrogates?
• Has the institution conducted studies to determine the average cost of processing a collection?
• How does the repository deliver surrogates to users?
• Has the institution studied the effectiveness of its surrogates?

    D)  Assessment of the representation program, accompanied by recommendations for improvement.

Additionally, students will be expected to refer to the literature where appropriate in their critique of representation policies and procedures, and in support of their recommendations.

Option 2:  Literature Review (Master's Students)

Alternatively, master's students may complete a 15-20 page literature review examining some problem in the area of archival representation, or the development of archival thinking in a particular area.  This research paper should demonstrate familiarity and in-depth analysis of the existing literature.  Examples of acceptable paper topics might include (but are not limited to):

• Provenance (respect des fonds);
• Original order;
• The suitability of finding aids for providing access to archival collections;
• Pros and cons of Encoded Archival Description as a tool for providing access to archival collections online.
  

Students who have completed work on a topic related to representation in an earlier archives course can expand on their previous work with the approval of the instructor, provided that the paper they produce for this course demonstrates a considerably wider range of reading of the appropriate professional literature and/or a more sophisticated research methodology.  Students who choose to expand on previous papers should expect to produce a paper of 20-25 pages.

Assignments (Doctoral Students)

Doctoral students must complete a piece of publishable research (minimum length of 25 pages).  Doctoral students should identify themselves and discuss the research project with the instructor in the first four weeks of the term (no later than January 26th).

Grading and Paper Deadlines for Master's Students

Assignments	Due Date	Percent of Grade
Collections Representation Study		60%
Selection of Collection	January 12, 2006
Processing Plan (10%)	January 26, 2006
Finding Aid (25%)	March 16, 2006
US MARC Record (15%)	March 23, 2006
EAD Record (10%)	April 6, 2006
Electronic Version of Finding Aid, MARC, and EAD Records	No later than April 20, 2006
Policy Paper or Research Paper (Option due February 2nd; topic due February 23rd)	April 20, 2006	30%
Class Participation, In-Class Presentations, Exercises, and Attendance	Ongoing	10%
(Total)		100%

Grading and Paper Deadlines for Doctoral Students

Assignments	Due Date	Percent of Grade
Research Paper (Topic due January 26th)	April 20, 2006	70%
Class Participation, In-Class Presentations, Exercises, and Attendance	Ongoing	30%
(Total)		100%

Overview of Course

Week	Date	Topic/Activity
1	January 5th	Introduction to Course Review of Requirements Representation of Archival Collections:  History and Core Concepts
2	January 12th	Representation of Archival Collections: Arrangement Writing a Processing Plan Costs of Processing Due:  Selection of Collection (In Class)
3	January 19th	Representation of Archival Collections:  Description Representation of Archival Collections:  Tools for Description and Their Efficacy Calendars, finding aids, guides, indexes, registers, catalogs, etc.
4	January 26th	The Role of Standards in Archival Description DACS, EAD, MARC, LCSH, et al. Due:  Processing Plan           Paper Topic (Doctoral Students Only) LECTURE:  Rick Prelinger, Frick Fine Arts Auditorium, 4:30 p.m. (class will attend)
5	February 2nd	Authority Control in the Archival Environment, Pt. I (Describing Creators) MARC for Archival Collections, Pt. I (Structural Elements and Syntax)
6	February 9th	Authority Control in the Archival Environment, Pt. II (Forms of Names) MARC for Archival Collections, Pt. II (Creating Collection-Level Records)
7	February 16th	Subject Access LCSH and AAT (Structural elements and syntax)
8	February 23rd	Subject Access LCSH  and AAT (Applying topical, genre,  functional, and occupational terms) Due:  Paper Topic (MLIS Students)
9	March 2nd	MARC for Archival Collections, Pt. 3 (Tagging subject headings and indexing terms)
	March 9th	No Class (Spring Break)
10	March 16th	Representation of Visual Materials Guest Speaker:  Miriam Meislik Due:  Finding Aid
11	March 23rd	Encoded Archival Description, Pt. 1:  History, DTD, and Administrative Decisions Due:  MARC Record LECTURE:  Verne Harris, Frick Fine Arts Auditorium, 4:30 p.m. (class will attend)
12	March 30th	Encoded Archival Description, Pt. 2: Technical Decisions and Implementation
13	April 6th	Representation of Time-Based Media (Moving Images and Sound) Due:  EAD Record (Electronic and Paper Versions) LECTURE:  Thomas Blanton, Frick Fine Arts Auditorium, 4:30 p.m. (class will attend)
14	April 13th	Creation and Preservation of Metadata for Archival Collections Metadata Standards:  Dublin Core, METS, MODS, OAI, etc. Guest Speakers:  Aaron Brenner and Michael Bolam, University of Pittsburgh Digital Library
15	April 20th	No class meeting Due: 1) Electronic Versions of Finding Aid, MARC Record, EAD Record 2) Final Paper LECTURE:  Michèle Cloonan, Frick Fine Arts Auditorium, 4:30 p.m. (class will attend)
Finals Week	April 27th	Representation of Electronic Records Archives on the Web Wrap-Up of Course

Course Readings

Required texts are:

1. Describing Archives:  A Content Standard (Chicago:  Society of American Archivists, 2004).  Abbreviated as DACS throughout syllabus. Z 695.2 S625 2004
   
2. Kathleen D. Roe, Arranging and Describing Archives and Manuscripts (Chicago:  Society of American Archivists, 2005).  CD 950 R64 2005
3. Encoded Archival Description Working Group of the Society of American Archivists, Encoded Archival Description Tag Library: Version 2002 (Chicago:  Society of American Archivists, 2002).  Z 695.2 E55 2002 Available online at:  http://www.loc.gov/ead/tglib/index.html.
4. Encoded Archival Description Working Group of the Society of American Archivists, Encoded Archival Description Application Guidelines:  Version 1.0 (Chicago:  Society of American Archivists, 1999).  Z 695.2 S63 1999.  Available online at http://www.loc.gov/ead/ag/aghome.html
5. Michael J. Fox and Peter Wilkerson, Introduction to Organization and Description:  Access to Cultural Heritage (Los Angeles:  Getty, 1999).  Available online at:  http://www.schistory.org/getty/index.html .

Detailed Class Schedule with Assigned Readings
 

January 5th: 

• Introduction to Course
• Review of Requirements
• Representation of Archival Collections:  History and Core Concepts

    David A. Bearman and Richard H. Lytle, "The Power of the Principle of Provenance," Archivaria 21 (Winter 1985-86):  14-27.

    Terry Cook, "The Concept of Archival Fonds:  Theory, Description, and Provenance in the Post Custodial Era," Archivaria 35 (Spring 1993):  24-37; and in Archival Fonds:  From Theory to Practice, Terry Eastwood, ed., (Ottawa:  Bureau of Canadian Archivists, 1992):  31-85.  CD950 A65 1992

    Michael J. Fox and Peter Wilkerson, Introduction to Organization and Description:  Access to Cultural Heritage (Los Angeles:  Getty, 1999).  Available online at:  http://www.schistory.org/getty/index.html .

    Chris Hurley, "Problems with Provenance," Archives and Manuscripts 23.2 (Nov. 1995):  234-59.

    Kathleen D. Roe, Arranging and Describing Archives and Manuscripts (Chicago:  Society of American Archivists, 2005).  Read Introduction and Chapter 1 (pp. xiii-xv, 1-10).  CD 950 R64 2005

    Recommended Scanning:

    Richard C. Berner, Archival Theory and Practice in the United States:  A Historical Analysis (Seattle:  University of Washington Press, 1983).  Chapters 1-6.  CD 3021. B47 1983

    Hilary Jenkinson, Manual of Archive Administration , 2nd ed. (London:  Percy Lund, Humphries & Co., 1966).  Part II.  CD 950 J52 1937 (Hillman Non-Circulating)

    Frederic Miller, Arranging and Describing Archives and Manuscripts (Chicago:  Society of American Archivists, 1990).  Chapter 1:  Introduction, Chapter 2:  Archives and Manuscripts:  Comparisons and Models, and Chapter 3:  Basic Archival Principles. Z 695.2 M55 1990

    S. Muller, J.A. Feith, and R Fruin, Manual for the Arrangement and Description of Archives, trans. Arthur H. Leavitt (New York:  H.W. Wilson, 1968).  CD 952 M95 1968

January 12th: 

• Representation of Archival Collections: Arrangement
• Writing a Processing Plan
• Costs of Processing

Due:  Selection of Collection to be Processed

    Megan Floyd Desnoyers, "When Is a Collection Processed?" Midwestern Archivist 7.1 (1982):  5-23.

    Terry Eastwood, "Putting the Parts of the Whole Together:  Systematic Arrangement of Archives," Archivaria 50 (Fall 2000):  93-116.

    Oliver W. Holmes, "Archival Arrangement:  Five Different Operations at Five Different Levels," American Archivist 27 (January 1964):  21-41.

    Kathleen D. Roe, Arranging and Describing Archives and Manuscripts (Chicago:  Society of American Archivists, 2005).  Read Chapter 2 (pp.11-31), Chapter 4 (pp. 45-70 only), and Appendices B-C (pp. 119-130).  CD 950 R64 2005

Read one of the research studies below as assigned:

    Terry Abraham, Stephen E. Balzarini, and Anne Frantilla, "What is Backlog is Prologue:  A Measurement of Archival Processing," American Archivist 48 (Winter 1985):  31-44.

    Paul Ericksen and Robert Shuster, "Beneficial Shocks:  The Place of Processing—Cost Analysis in Archival Administration," American Archivist 58.1 (Winter 1995):  32-52.

    Uli Haller, "Variations in the Processing Rates on the Magnuson and Jackson Senatorial Papers," American Archivist 50 (Winter 1987):  100-109.

Recommended Scanning:

    Frank Boles, "Disrespecting Original Order," American Archivist 45 (Winter 1982):  26-32.

    Uli Haller, "Processing for Access," American Archivist 48 (Fall 1985):  400-15.

January 19th:

• Representation of Archival Collections:  Description
• Representation of Archival Collections:  Tools for Description and Their Efficacy
• Calendars, finding aids, guides, indexes, registers, etc.

(Description)

    DACS (read all prefatory material, introduction, Chapters 1-8). Z 695.2 S625 2004

    Chris Hurley, "The Making and the Keeping of Records:  (1) What Are Finding Aids For?" Archives and Manuscripts 26.1 (May 1998):  58-77.

    Wendy M. Duff and Verne Harris, "Stories and Names:  Archival Description as Narrating Records and Constructing Meanings," Archival Science 2 (2002):  263-285.

    Fredric Miller, "Use, Appraisal, and Research:  A Case Study of Social History," American Archivist 49 (Fall 1986):  371-392.

    Jacqueline Goggin, "The Indirect Approach:  A Study of Scholarly Users of Black and Women's Organizational Records in the Library of Congress Manuscript Division," Midwestern Archivist 11 (1986):  57-67.

    Helen R. Tibbo and Lokman I. Meho, "Finding Finding Aids on the World Wide Web," American Archivist 64 (Spring/Summer 2001):  61-77.

    Review one of the following sets as assigned:

    National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections (NUCMC) (Washington, D.C.:  Library of Congress. 1993 ed. Z 6620 U5 N3 (Hillman Non-Circulating)

    National Historical Publicatons and Records Commission, Directory of Archives and Manuscript Repositories in the United States (Phoenix:  Oryx Press, 1988).  CD 3020.D49 1988 (IS Library Non-Circulating)

    Women's History Sources: A Guide to Archives and Manuscript Collections in the United States (New York:  Bowker, 1979). Z 7964.U49 H56 (Hillman Non-Circulating)

January 26th: 

• The Role of Standards in Archival Description
• DACS, ISAD, EAD, MARC, LCSH, et al.

    Jean E. Dryden, Implementing Descriptive Standards at the United Church Central Archives:  A Case Study in Automated Techniques for Archives (Chicago:  Society of American Archivists, 1997). CD 973.D3 D78 1997

    Wendy Duff and Kent Haworth, "Advancing Archival Description:  A Model for Rationalising North American Descriptive Standards,"  Archives and Manuscripts 25.2 (Nov. 1997):  194-217.

    Kathleen D. Roe, Arranging and Describing Archives and Manuscripts (Chicago:  Society of American Archivists, 2005).  Read Chapter 3 (pp. 33-44) and Appendix A (pp. 111-118).  CD 950 R64 2005

   International Council on Archives, ISAD (G):  General International Standard Archival Description, 2nd ed. (Paris:  ICA, 2004).  http://www.ica.org/biblio.php?pdocid=1

    Steven L. Hensen, "Standards for the Exchange of Descriptive Information on Archival and Manuscript Material in the United States," Archivaria 34 (Summer 1992):  272-78.

    William E. Landis, "Nuts and Bolts:  Implementing Descriptive Standards to Enable Virtual Collections," Journal of Archival Organization 1.1 (2002):  81-92.

    "Report of the Working Group on Standards for Archival Description," American Archivist 52 (Fall 1989):  440-61, and related articles in same issue, 504-26.

    Canadian Working Group on Archival Descriptive Standards, Toward Descriptive Standards (Ottawa:  Bureau of Canadian Archivists, 1985).  Z695.2 B87 1985

    Victoria Irons Walch, Standards for Archival Description:  A Handbook (Chicago:  Society of American Archivists, 1994). Z 695.2 W35 1994

    Special issue on archival descriptive standards in Library Trends 36 (Winter 1988).

    Special issue on archival descriptive standards in Archivaria 34 (Summer 1992).

    "Standards for Archival Description:  Background Papers," American Archivist 53 (Winter 1990):  24-108.

 February 2nd:

• Authority Control in the Archival Environment, Pt. I (Describing Creators)
  
• MARC for Archival Collections, Pt. I (Structural Elements and Syntax)

    Kathleen D. Roe, Arranging and Describing Archives and Manuscripts (Chicago:  Society of American Archivists, 2005).  Read Appendix E (pp. 146-174).  CD 950 R64 2005

    Hugo Stibbe, "Implementing the Concept of Fonds:  Primary Access Point, Multilevel Description, and Authority Control," Archivaria 34 (Summer 1992):  109-37.

    Marion E. Matters, Introduction to the USMARC Format for Archival and Manuscripts Control (Chicago:  Society of American Archivists, 1990).  Z695.2 M37 1990

Recommended Scanning:

    Library of Congress, MARC Standards, http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc

    International Council on Archives, ISAAR (CPF):  International Standard Archival Authority Record for Corporate Bodies, Persons, and Families, 2nd ed. (Paris:  ICA, 2004).  http://www.ica.org/biblio.php?pdocid=144

    Charles A. Cutter, "Rules for a Dictionary Catalog:  Selections," in Foundations of Cataloging:  A Sourcebook, ed. Michael Carpenter and Elaine Svenonius (Littleton, Colo.:  Libraries Unlimited, 1985):  62-71.  Z 693 F68 1985

    Ronald Hagler, The Bibliographic Record and Information Technology, 3rd ed. (Chicago:  American Library Association, 1997).  Read pp. 1-94.  Z 699.35 M28 H34 1997

    Seymour Lubetzky, "The Objectives of the Catalog," in Foundations of Cataloging:  A Sourcebook , ed. Michael Carpenter and Elaine Svenonius (Littleton, Colo.:  Libraries Unlimited, 1985):  90-103.   Z 693 F68 1985

    Andrew D. Osborn, "The Crisis in Cataloging," in Foundations in Cataloging:  A Sourcebook , ed. Michael Carpenter and Elaine Svenonius (Littleton, Colo.:  Libraries Unlimited, 1985):  186-194.  Z 693 F68 1985

 February 9th:

• Authority Control in the Archival Environment, Pt. II (Forms of Names)
  
• MARC for Archival Collections, Pt. II (Creating Collection-Level Records)

Class held in 828 Lab

    Marion Matters, "Authority Work for Transitional Catalogs," in Describing Archival Materials:  The Use of the MARC AMC Format, ed. Richard P. Smiraglia (New York:  Haworth Press, 1990).  Originally published as Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 11.3-4 (1990). Z 699.5 A7D47 1990

    Lyn Martin, "Viewing the Field:  A Literature Review and Survey of the Use of MARC AMC in U.S. Academic Archives," American Archivist 57 (Summer 1994):  482-97.

    Special issue on the MARC AMC format, American Archivist 49 (Winter 1986).

February 16th:

• Subject Access
• LCSH and AAT (Structural elements and syntax)

    Jackie M. Dooley, "Subject Indexing in Context," American Archivist 55 (Spring 1992):  344-54.

    Richard H. Lytle, "Intellectual Access to Archives:  I. Provenance and Content Indexing Methods of Subject Retrieval," American Archivist 43 (Winter 1980):  64-75.

    Art and Architecture Thesaurus [AAT], http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat

    Library of Congress Subject Headings [LCSH], LC 26.7 (Hillman Non-Circulating, latest edition kept on Reference Desk dictionary stand)

    Library of Congress Thesaurus for Graphic Materials [LCTGM], http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/print/tgm1 and http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/print/tgm2 .

• Subject Access
• LCSH  and AAT (Applying topical, genre,  functional, and occupational terms)
  

March 2nd:  

• MARC for Archival Collections, Pt. III (Tagging subject headings and indexing terms)

March 9th:  No Class (Spring Break)

March 16th:

• Representation of Visual Materials
  

    Library of Congress. Prints and Photographs Division. Thesaurus for Graphic Materials I: Subject Terms.(TGM I) Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1995. Rev. ed. 556 p. Available online, including terms added since 1995: tgm1/

    Library of Congress. Prints and Photographs Division. Thesaurus for Graphic Materials II: Genre and Physical Characteristic Terms. (TGM II or GMPGC) Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1995. Rev. ed. Available online, including terms added since 1995: tgm2/

Required Readings:

    Arden Alexander and Tracy Meehleib, "The Thesaurus for Graphic Materials: Its History, Use, and Future" in Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 31: 3/4 (2001): 189-212.  Available via PittCat.

    Caroline R. Arms, "Getting the Picture: Observations from the Library of Congress on Providing Online Access to Pictorial Images," Library Trends 48: 2 (Fall 1999): 379-409. Available online: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/techdocs/libt1999/libt1999.html

March 23rd:

• Encoded Archival Description, Pt. 1:  History, DTD, and Administrative Decisions

Due:  MARC Record

LECTURE:  Verne Harris, Frick Fine Arts Auditorium, 4:30 p.m.

Required Reading:

    Lisa R. Coats, "Users of EAD Finding Aids:  Who Are They and Are They Satisfied?" Journal of Archival Organization 2.3 (2004):  25-39.

    Elizabeth H. Dow, Creating EAD-Compatible Finding Guides on Paper (Lanham, Md.:  Scarecrow Press, 2005).  Read pp. ??-???.

    Janice E. Ruth, "Encoded Archival Description:  A Structural Overview," American Archivist 60 (Summer 1997): 310-329.

    James M. Roth, "Serving Up EAD:  An Exploratory Study on the Deployment and Utilization of Encoded Archival Description (EAD) Finding Aids," American Archivist 64.2 (Fall/Winter 2001):  214-37.

Skim/Familiarize Yourself With:

   EAD DTD Home Page, http://lcweb.loc.gov/ead/

    Encoded Archival Description Working Group of the Society of American Archivists, Encoded Archival Description Application Guidelines:  Version 1.0 (Chicago:  Society of American Archivists, 1999). Z 695.2 S63 1999, http://www.loc.gov/ead/ag/aghome.html

    Encoded Archival Description Working Group of the Society of American Archivists, Encoded Archival Description Tag Library: Version 2002 (Chicago:  Society of American Archivists, 2002). Z 695.2 S67 1998, http://www.loc.gov/ead/tglib/

Recommended Browsing:

    EAD Finding Aids Home Page, http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/ead/eadhome.html

    EAD Help Pages, http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/ead/

March 30th:

• Encoded Archival Description, Pt. 2: Technical Decisions and Implementation
  

Class held in 828 Lab

Required Reading:

    Christina J. Hostetter, "Online Finding Aids:  Are They Practical?" Journal of Archival Organization 2.1-2 (2004):  117-145.

    Elizabeth J. Shaw, "Rethinking EAD: Balancing Flexibility and Interoperability," New Review of Information Networking 7 (2001): 117-132.

Recommended Scanning:

    Encoded Archival Description on the Internet , Daniel V. Pitti and Wendy M. Duff, eds. (Binghamton, N.Y.:  Haworth Information Press, 2001).  Z 695.2 E63 2001  On reserve.

    Elizabeth H. Dow, Creating EAD-Compatible Finding Guides on Paper (Lanham, Md.:  Scarecrow Press, 2005).  On order at SIS library.

David C. Gatrell, "Word Processing and Database Software as EAD Encoding Tools," Archives and Museum Informatics 12.3-4 (1998):  277-86.  [Available electronically through PittCat]

    Jill Tatem, "EAD:  Obstacles to Implementation, Opportunities for Understanding," Archival Issues 23.2 (1998):  155-69.

Apr. 6th:

• Representation of Time-Based Media (Moving Images and Sound)

Due:  EAD Record (Electronic and Paper Versions)

LECTURE:  Thomas Blanton, Frick Fine Arts Auditorium, 4:30 p.m.

    Abigail Leab Martin, ed., AMIA Compendium of Moving Image Cataloging Practice (Beverly Hills, Calif.:  Association of Moving Image Archivists; Chicago:  Society of American Archivists, 2001).  Skim (particularly 6-55).  Z 695.64 A45 2001

    International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives, The IASA Cataloging Rules:  A Manual for Description of Sound Recordingsand Related Audiovisual Media (IASA, 1998), http://www.iasa-web.org/icat/ .  Skim, particularly introduction.

    Wendy White-Hensen, Archival Moving Image Materials:  A Cataloging Manual (Washington, D.C.:  Library of Congress, 2000).  Hillman Library Gov. Docs L40.8:AR 2/2000

Apr. 13th:

• Creation and Preservation of Metadata for Archival Collections
• Metadata Standards:  Dublin Core, METS, MODS, OAI, etc.

Guest Speakers:  Michael Bolam and Aaron Brenner, University of Pittsburgh Digital Research Library

Required Reading:

    Wendy M. Duff, "Will Metadata Replace Archival Description:  A Commentary," Archivaria 39 (Spring 1995):  33-38.

    Heather MacNeil, "Metadata Strategies and Archival Description:  Comparing Apples to Oranges," Archivaria 39 (Spring 1995):  22-32.

Apr. 20th:  No Class (Go to Final Archives and Ethics lecture at 4:30 p.m.)

Due:

1) Electronic Versions of Finding Aid, MARC Record, EAD Record

2) Final Paper

LECTURE:  Michèle Cloonan, Frick Fine Arts Auditorium, 4:30 p.m.

Apr. 27th:

• Representation of Electronic Records
• Archives on the Web
  

(Electronic records)

    David Bearman and Wendy Duff, "Grounding Archival Description in the Functional Requirements for Evidence," Archivaria 41 (Spring 1996):  275-303.

    Jean E. Dryden, "Archival Description of Electronic Records:  An Examination of Current Practices," Archivaria 40 (Fall 1995):  99-108.

    Margaret Hedstrom, "How Do Archivists Make Electronic Archives Useable and Accessible?" Archives and Manuscripts 26 (May 1998):  6-23.

(Archives on the Web)

    Burt Altman and John R. Nemmers, "The Usability of On-Line Archival Resources:  The POLARIS Project Finding Aid," American Archivist 64 (Spring/Summer 2001):  121-31.

    John D'Angelo and Sherry K. Little, "Successful Web Pages:  What Are They and Do They Exist," Information Technology and Libraries 17.2 (June 1998):  71-81. Available via PittCat.

    Jenni Davidson and Donna McRostie, "Webbed Feet:  Navigating the Net," Archives and Manuscripts 24 (Nov. 1996):  330-51.

    Kathleen Feeney, "Retrieval of Archival Finding Aids Using World Wide Web Search Engines," American Archivist 62 (Fall 1999):  206-228.    

    David A. Wallace, "Archives and the Information Superhighway:  Current Status and Future Challenges," International Information & Library Review 28.1 (Mar. 1996):  79-91.

    Manuscripts & Archives Tutorial, http://www.library.yale.edu/mssa/tutorial/tutorial.htm

    Terry Abraham, "Net Worth:  Adding Value to the Archival Web Site," paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society of American Archivists, San Diego, August 30, 1996, http://www.uidaho.edu/special-sollections/papers/networth.htm

    William Landis, "Archival Outreach on the World Wide Web," Archival Issues 20.2 (1995):  129-47.

    Avra Michelson and Jeff Rothenberg, "Scholarly Communication and Information Technology:  Exploring the Impact of Changes in the Research Process on Archives," American Archivist 55.2 (Spring 1992):  236-315.